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 embedded Freescale Coldfire Mikrokontroller

Freescale ColdFire - heiß und kalt:

Neues Leben für MC68000 Code! Mit den 547x und 548x Varianten der 4ten Generation Systemarchitektur ist ColdFire endlich eine richtige Prozessorfamilie geworden. Die neuen Prozessoren sind sehr interessant für netzwerkbasierte Kontrollanwendungen (USB 2.0, Ethernet, CAN) und alle Bereiche, wo es auf geringen Stromverbrauch bei echter 32-bit Leistung (bis 400 MIPS) ankommt. Schon 2000/2001 zeichnete sich ab, daß Motorola den 5407 nicht alleine (im Regen) stehen lässt. Nun ist die Katze aus dem Sack und ein Teil des an ARM und Hitachi verlorenen Terrains wird zurückerobert. EmbeddedExpert arbeitet sporadisch seit 1998 mit ColdFire Prozessoren und kann mit Rat und Tat zur Seite stehen. Als Beispiel der umfangreichen Ausstattung 54xx die Features des MCF 5485:

• Zwei 10/100 Ethernet Controller, 2 CAN Controller
• USB 2.0 mit integriertem PHY
• DDR Memory Controller
• Memory Management Unit (z.B. für Linux)
• v2.2 PCI Controller
• HW Verschlüsselung nach DES/3DES, AES, RC4, MD5/SHA-1/SHA-256/HMAC
• Erweiterter Temperaturbereich -40 bis 85 C

Im Jahr 2000 war es um die ColdFire-Architektur ein wenig ruhig geworden, einzig ein niederländischer Produzent brauner Ware hat ein wenig ColdFire inside, Telecom und Datentechnik sind weitgehend auf andere Architekturen umgestiegen. Dabei hatte ColdFire als erste Architektur ein Embedded Trace an Bord, damit erübrigt sich ein teurer Logikanalysator, und neue Derivate haben Multi-Core, Netzwerk-Interface und vor allem interessante Multimedia Features. In der Reihe bekannter Komponisten bietet der MCF 5249 einen kompletten MP3 CD-Player auf einem Chip, der wohl auch für Maschinensteuerungen einsetzbar scheint, oder besser Datenaquisition-Systeme, wo dieser eigene Mix aus komplexen Peripherie-interfaces besser passen könnte.

Ja, so ist das bei ColdFire, nachdem wir jahrelang auf den netzwerkfähigen MCF 5272 warten mussten, kamen erstmal Musikfreunde zu durchaus tragbaren Genüssen. 2006 legte Freescale mehr Netzwerkpower nach, die 2te Generation Varianten 5280 und 5282 sind kleine Embedded Systeme mit 64KB onboard RAM und 512KB Flash Speicher - In den frühen 80er Jahren gab es erste PCs mit ähnlicher Ausstattung! Die nächste Generation ColdFire 54xx wird 2006 voll verfügbar, darüber hinaus ist die 5.Generation *in Arbeit*.

Next Generation Superscalar V5 ColdFire Starting at 610 MIPS

Embedded systems targeted at imaging, connectivity and digital audio applications are requiring higher performance levels and more functionality. To meet these requirements, Freescale unveils the next step in the ColdFire microprocessor roadmap, the Version 5 (V5) superscalar core.

At 333 MHz and 610 million instructions per second (MIPS) in 0.13 micron process technology, the V5 core offers significant performance increases over the V4 ColdFire core, previously the highest performing ColdFire core on the market. The superscalar microarchitecture of the V5 core increases the number of instructions that can be executed simultaneously, thereby increasing the performance of the core. With dual execution pipelines and a larger branch cache, this next-generation core provides a 2x performance increase compared to a 220 MHz MCF5407 device, a V4-based standard product. Over the last seven years, four generations of 32-bit ColdFire core microarchitectures have improved performance by a factor of 24 since the original 25 MIPS, 33 MHz Version 2 designs.

Using the proven ColdFire core microprocessor design methodology, the V5 core is 100 percent synthesizable, nine-stage superscalar pipelines, improved branch prediction and dual multiply-accumulate units for high performance and efficiency. These features are designed to allow customers to take advantage of the very latest ColdFire core microprocessor design methodologies - providing benefits such as lower power dissipation and smaller die sizes - without adding additional development time or costs. The V5 core is backward object code compatible with existing ColdFire cores.

V5 ColdFire Architecture Features

• Full-superscalar implementation
• Superscalar enhanced multiply-accumulate unit (EMAC) for digital signal processing functions
• Hierarchical branch acceleration logic in the instruction fetch pipeline
• Support for a wide range of local memory sizes (such as cache) and optional execution units

Next-generation V5 ColdFire core has been designed to make its products easy for customers to use, while simplifying and speeding system design to get products to market faster. To this end, the V5 core is supported by a comprehensive tools package. Hardware and software development tools such as compilers, assemblers, linkers, debuggers, code converters, simulators and evaluation kits are planned to be available from Metrowerks, a Freescale company, and from independent tool developers.

Plans for devices based on the Version 5 ColdFire core are expected to be announced in the second half of 2006. The ColdFire architecture was originally developed as a subset of the M68K family instruction set.

• Full-superscalar implementation: features a 4-stage, 64-bit instruction fetch pipeline that feeds two instantiations of the 5-stage operand execution pipeline and leverages micro-architectural technology from the MC68060 and the V4/V4e ColdFire designs.
• Superscalar enhanced multiply-accumulate unit (EMAC) for digital signal processing functions: engineered to support simultaneous dispatch and execution of 2 multiply-accumulate instructions per cycle to the EMAC and supports extensions to the EMAC instruction set. This allows “single-product/double-accumulation” operations for improved performance of key signal processing algorithms, such as those involved in Fast-Fourier Transforms (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transformations (DCT).
• Hierarchical branch acceleration logic in the instruction fetch pipeline: a 256-entry branch cache memory with both global and local prediction state information, a 128-entry global prediction table for accesses which *miss* in the branch cache, and a 4-entry last-in, first-out hardware return stack.
• Support for a wide range of local memory sizes (including cache) and optional execution units: double-precision floating-point unit (FPU) and virtual memory management unit (MMU), both compatible with the V4e core, are available as options.
• On-chip debug module: expands the processor status to a 5-bit field to support the superscalar execution of the core. It includes four additional PC breakpoints, bringing the total breakpoint resources to 8 PC values plus two sets of address ranges with optional data matching capability.

Background:

ColdFire was supposed to pick up where 68k left, and with recent additions 547x and 548x processors it really does! After the first useful and powerful 2nd generation ColdFire chips became available in 2001, in 2006 the 4th generation gets a more than welcome extension with up to 400MIPS powerful chips featuring Ethernet, USB 2 and/or CAN, PCI connectivity and a hardware encription option. Pricing gets below $20 and consumption is still among the best in the industry - the ColdFire architecture delivers very good bangs for the buck.

High Performance ColdFire V2 Microprocessors: MCF 5282, MCF 5249

MCF5282 - first ColdFire microcontroller with on-chip Ethernet, CAN networking and Flash memory!!

• 59 (Dhrystone 2.1) MIPS at 66 MHz executing from integrated Flash
• 512 KB embedded Flash memory + 64 KB static RAM
• 10/100 Ethernet MAC + CAN 2.0B (FlexCAN) controller

Full set of MCU peripherals including timers, analog-to-digital converter and legacy serial interfaces. Integrated 10/100 Mbps Ethernet MAC and network-ready applications software, MCF5282 enables standards-based networking for a variety of traditional MCU applications including food service equipment, security systems, and industrial control. Web-based user interfaces, network time synchronization, and router/gateway functionality for legacy serial protocols.

Motorola, Metrowerks and Quadros Systems have partnered to provide a real-time operating system and core Internet protocols for the MCF5282:

• RTXC - Quadros - RTOS and Ethernet drivers
• Core Internet protocols IP, UDP, TCP, ICMP, ARP and DHCP
• Application-level protocol servers, HTTP for small Web servers
• Trivial FTP servers for remote firmware updates
• Application-level protocol clients for SMTP and SNTP.

Three versions of the software suite available at a range of prices and functionality including a free special edition version - by visiting www.motorola.com/coldfire. The MCF5282 samples in February 2006 with production volumes in second quarter 2006. 10k pricing starts at $18.

MCF5249 .. this 32-bit ColdFire generates sweet sounds for a variety of portable audio applications. With on-chip memory, integrated peripherals, low power and competitive price/performance ratio, MCF5249 creates a buzz.

MCF5249 is the first of a line of ColdFire processors designed for audio electronics - with performance up to 125 Dhrystone_2.1 MIPS at 140 MHz - while the lowest power ColdFire. MCF5249 boasts 96K bytes of on-chip SRAM, 8K bytes of instruction cache as well as a number of complex integrated peripherals: 2 UARTs, timers, PLL, watchdog timer, general purpose input/output lines, two I2C, Queued Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI), 4-channel DMA, and a glueless SDRAM controller. The enhanced multiply-accumulate (eMAC) unit on this chip provides DSP functionality for fast math and signal processing capability for audio and other applications.

On-chip audio interfaces help make it easy to design digital audio systems, such as MP3 compact disc (CD) players or any application requiring significant control processing for file management, data buffering and user interface as well as signal processing for decoding and effects processing of compressed audio files. Standard audio software modules, such as an MP3 decoder, are expected to be available from Motorola and third parties.

MCF5249 is popular for fingerprint recognition and CCTV because of its on-chip memory and low power consumption. MCF5249 is ideal for many types of control applications where timing and communication is essential, such as electronic point-of-sale terminals, vacuum system control, and medical equipment. The Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) interface makes the MCF5249 a great choice for data acquisition systems with direct hard disk interface, while the on-chip 12-bit A/D converter becomes useful for acquiring data from external sensors. I2C interface talks to a wide variety of external peripherals such as display drivers, EEPROM, I/O expansions, etc. The combination of timers, the A/D converter, DMA, eMAC, and all the serial modules make the MCF5249 well suited for basic real-time control in a wide variety of applications.

• 125 [Drystone 2.1] at 140 MHz
• Low power at 1.3mW per MHz
• Enhanced multiply-accumulate (eMAC) unit provides DSP fast math and signal processing capability
• 96K Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) - for performance intensive applications needing fast single cycle access to internal memory
• 8K instruction cache - helps to run program fast to enhance performance
• SDRAM controller - for synchronous DRAM allowing fast, easy access to external memories
• Queued Serial Peripheral Interface (QSPI) - for fast inter-system communication
• 12-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC) integrated on-chip - to help further reduce number of system components and easily interface with system devices

As the MP3 format grows in popularity due to low cost and high capacity, addressing the convergence of home audio electronics and computer technologies is increasingly important for OEMs. Motorola has designed a new serial audio peripheral that virtually eliminates the need for additional audio interface devices within the system. Audio System Features include:

• Serial audio ports compatible with Philips I2S/Sony EIAJ formats - direct connect to A/D and D/A converters
• CD ROM Block Decoder/Encoder processes CD-ROM sectors in hardware, including sync recognition, sector scrambling and CRC checksum which allows to read/write CD-ROM data files from a standard audio CD drive, with no CPU overhead
• SPDIF/EBU Transmitter / Receiver for standard digital audio SPDIF and EBU formats
• On-chip audio data bus - allows direct connection between audio interfaces
• Flash media interface to MMC (multimedia card) and compact flash cards
• IDE master interface - direct connection to Hard Disk Drives or other storage devices.

Development Support and Price: Freescale offers M5249C3 development board, with an audio expansion daughter card. The MCF5249 is supported by ColdFire V2-family development tools that are available through numerous independent suppliers. MCF5249 price at 10k pieces is US$10.

MCF 5206 5206e 5248 5307 5407 5470 5471 5472 5473 5474 5475 5480 5481 5482 5483 5484 5485
Freescale ColdFire - the saga continues

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